The DMA establishes that gatekeepers that have a dual role as developers of operating systems and device manufacturers, namely Apple and Google, cannot impose restrictions to access certain functionalities in their devices to third parties, like near-field-communication technology (NFC)
The announcement came a bit more than six months after Apple announced it was working with a handful of states to develop digital IDs that can be stored alongside airline tickets, credit cards, movie tickets and other passes.
From iPhones to PCs, down to the furniture, every product with a proper value and potential for a second life has a specific checklist to evaluate its subscription value model.